In the second step, I rewrote 8 as 2*4. Then after that I regrouped terms so that the (3*2) can pair up together. This of course turns into 6. After that point, we have 6, 4 and x multiplied together as the base.
The last step uses the rule that
, in other words, we apply the exponent d to each term inside the parenthesis. Each term inside gets its own exponent.
An example: