The correct answer to this question is the first one: Water would leave the large vacuole of the cell and the plant will droop.
The image shows a multiple-choice question related to the effects of saltwater on plant cells. The question is not related to calculations but to understanding osmosis and the principles of how cells interact with their environment.
The options given are:
1. Water would leave the large vacuole of the cell and the plant will droop.
2. Salt crystals will form on the leaves as water evaporates on the leaf surface.
3. The plant's root will filter out the right amount of salt so the plant can remain isotonic.
4. Water will enter the plant cells until the large central vacuole bursts.
The correct answer to this question is the first one: Water would leave the large vacuole of the cell and the plant will droop.
Here's why: When you water a plant with saltwater, the external solution is more concentrated than the fluid inside the plant's cells, creating a hypertonic environment. Osmosis is the process where water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In the case of plants watered with saltwater, water will move out of the cells to balance the concentration of salts outside the cell, which leads to a loss of turgor pressure inside the cells. This causes the cells to shrink and the plant to droop, a process known as plasmolysis.
The other options are incorrect because saltwater does not cause water to enter the plant cells (option 4), the roots cannot filter out the salt to maintain isotonic conditions (option 3), and while salt may indeed crystallize on the leaves as water evaporates, this is not the primary effect on the plant cells themselves (option 2).