Final answer:
The Articles of Confederation featured a significant weakness in that the central government was too weak to function effectively, lacking the power to tax or raise an army. The correct answer reflecting this weakness is not directly listed among the options, but the most appropriate incorrect option concerning the Articles' limitations refers to the absence of separation of powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Articles of Confederation represented the first governing document of the United States and favored government and liberty for the states, giving them considerable power while constraining the central government. A key problem with the Articles was that the central government was too weak, particularly because it lacked the power to tax, which meant it could not independently raise funds to pay down the national debt or support an army. This weakness is reflected in the inability of the Confederation government to solve the enormous economic problems following the Revolutionary War, the lack of a standing army, and it being unable to effectively address Shays' Rebellion.
The correct answer to the student's question is that a significant weakness in the Articles of Confederation is that the central government held too little power over the states, to the point where it could not operate effectively. This is in direct contrast to the choices suggesting that it taxed too much, was too easily amended, or held too much power. Hence, the appropriate option that represents a weakness in the Articles of Confederation would be none of the choices provided, as they suggest powers that the central government did not actually possess. However, the closest incorrect option that implies a limitation of the Confederation is regarding the absence of separation of powers.