Final answer:
Heart of Darkness is a novella by Joseph Conrad that critiques European imperialism in Africa but has been criticized for its portrayal of African characters. Critics like Chinua Achebe argue that it dehumanizes Africans and perpetuates racial stereotypes, questioning its merit as a great work of art. The novella influenced debates on colonial practices and informed the public about the abuses in the Congo Free State.
Step-by-step explanation:
Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness is a complex novella published in 1899 that presents a critical view of European imperialism in Africa. The story follows the protagonist, Marlow, as he journeys into the Congo, symbolizing a voyage into the darkest recesses of human nature and the horrors of colonial exploitation. Conrad's narrative explores themes of civilization versus barbarism, the impacts of colonialism, racism, and the existential struggle between light and darkness.
Conrad's portrayal of African characters faced criticism for its dehumanization and perpetuation of racial stereotypes, notably from Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe. Achebe criticized the novella for depicting Africa as 'the other world,' as well as for silencing African voices, reducing them to mere sounds devoid of humanity. Despite acknowledging Conrad's literary skills, Achebe and others argue that the novella's aesthetics do not compensate for its troubling portrayal of Africans.
The historical context of Heart of Darkness is significant, as it is set during a time of debate around colonial practices. The novella influenced the formation of the Congo Reform Association and contributed to changing opinions about colonial rule, ultimately leading to the end of King Leopold II's tyrannical rule over the Congo Free State. However, the novella's lingering colonial and racist undertones have continued to spark debate on its relevance and appropriateness as a respected work of literature.