The primary causes of poverty in Africa are lack of shelter, limited access to clean water, lack of access to health care, food insecurity, government corruption and limited natural resources.
Money in rich countries has trapped many African nations in a cycle of corruption.
List of advantages of foreign aid: Rebuild livelihoods, Save lives, provide medicine, tap natural resources and encourage development.
List of disadvantages of foreign aid: Risk of corruption, increase dependency, overlook small farmers and more expensive things.
I hope this answered the first question.