The correct answer is D. Pathos and logos
Step-by-step explanation:
In this excerpt, the author uses emotional language such as "living in extreme poverty and unable to feed themselves or their families" because this type of detail moves the audience and makes people feel sorrow for Africans. This appeal is known as the pathos appeal or emotional appeal.
Besides this, the author relies on numbers and statistics to describe the situation in Africa, this can be seen in "300 million residents" or "One out of six". This use of numberS is based on logic and reasoning, which is part of the logos appeal or appeal to the logic. Thus, the correct answer is D.