Question

If several negative charges surround a large positive charge, the total force on a far away charge is reduced. What is this effect called

Answer 1

this effect is called SCREENING

Step-by-step explanation:

When a positive charge is surrounded by several negative charges at a long distance, an apparent decrease in the positive charge is observed, this effect is called SCREENING and is noticeable in multielectronic atoms

This effect is responsible for the decrease in ionization energy in the larger atoms.