Final answer:
The youth movement of the 1960s was inspired by a quest for identity and change, prompted by President Kennedy's call to action, dissatisfaction with traditional education systems, and a desire to address social injustices. Cultural influences such as rock 'n' roll and iconic events like Woodstock also played a significant role in shaping the rebellious spirit of the era. This period of advocacy and cultural upheaval was later confronted by more conservative shifts in the 1970s.
Step-by-step explanation:
The youth movement of the 1960s was inspired by a combination of factors. In the post-war period, the contentment and conformity of the 1950s gave way to a decade marked by an array of social, political, economic, and cultural shifts. Young people, many of whom were part of the baby boomer generation, began attending universities in large numbers, seeking to find themselves and their place in the world. This period saw many young people questioning established norms and traditional systems of education and exploring new avenues for personal freedom and expression.
President Kennedy's call to action resonated with these youths, leading many to join forces with movements that sought to reform society, such as the civil rights movement and the New Left. The New Left was particularly influential, advocating for civil rights, women's rights, free speech, and criticizing the Vietnam War. These activists were often motivated by a desire to fight for justice and equality, believing that it was their generational duty to initiate transformative change and address fundamental issues affecting the nation.
The cultural landscape also reflected this tumult of political awakening, with music being a key influence. Rock 'n' roll, a genre that provided an escape and symbolized rebellion against the affluence and monotonous adult world, was propelled by advancements in technology that made it widely accessible. Iconic events like Woodstock symbolized this era of cultural emancipation. As the 1970s approached, however, the idealism of the 60s faced challenges from various angles, witnessing a shift towards a more conservative and pragmatic focus on issues such as the economy and energy, causing a decline in the influence of the New Left.