Answer: D. I, II, and III
Step-by-step explanation:
If expecting a price deduction, you can buy Put options. These give you the right to sell an underlying stock at a certain price regardless of what the price in the market is. If you purchased this, you can sell your stock above market value if it does go down.
You can sell write call options for a fee where you give the buyer the right to buy your shares at a certain price in future. This is only valuable if prices rise so as you are expecting prices to fall, you could make a premium on the call option contract fees if prices fall without having to sell off your shares.
Hedging with puts is better than short calls if you are expecting a major stock price decline as the opportunity for profit is higher.