Final answer:
Making random guesses lacks strategy and efficiency, whereas intelligent guesses are informed by the problem's parameters, thus leading to a more effective problem-solving approach. Intelligent guessing involves estimations that speed up the process and improve critical thinking necessary for real-world problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct response to the question of why a student cannot simply make random guesses instead of intelligent guesses when using the guess-and-check problem-solving strategy is that intelligent guesses are informed by understanding the problem, identifying the knowns and unknowns, and using that information to methodically approach a solution. With random guessing, there is no strategy involved, and it could take an impractical amount of time to arrive at the correct answer, if at all. On the other hand, intelligent guesses are based on meaningful estimations and approximations that guide the solver to the answer more efficiently and effectively.
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For example, if a student is tasked with finding a number that when multiplied by 5 gives a product close to 90, making random guesses could be time-consuming. However, by using an intelligent guess, a student could estimate that 90 divided by 5 is close to 18, and then refine this guess with a precise calculation to confirm that the exact answer is 18. This process helps to develop problem-solving skills and prepares students for real-world situations where problems do not always present with clear-cut numbers.
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Lastly, it's important to check if the answer is reasonable by reassessing the logic behind the guess, especially if suspicions arise that the logic may be leading down the wrong path. This critical thinking component is integral to effective problem-solving.