Final answer:
The electrode where oxidation occurs is called an anode, whereas the electrode where reduction occurs is called a cathode. A spontaneous redox reaction powers a galvanic (voltaic) cell, and an electrolytic cell carries out a nonspontaneous redox reaction by consuming energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that matches the definition for the electrode where oxidation occurs is anode. For the electrode where reduction occurs, the correct term is cathode. An electrochemical cell powered by a spontaneous redox reaction is known as a galvanic (voltaic) cell, while an electrochemical cell that takes in energy to carry out a nonspontaneous redox reaction is called an electrolytic cell. Lastly, when referring to a chemical equation showing either oxidation or reduction, this represents a half-reaction.