Answer:
Re-intermediation
Step-by-step explanation:
Re-intermediation is the method applied by most businesses in using the internet to bring together new customers for a business. The advent of technology can afford business owners the possibility of eliminating physical intermediaries in a business. For example, house agents help people who are seeking for new places to live in, find houses easily. Through the internet, however, landlords can directly advertise their vacant houses, thus eliminating the agent relationship which would have served as an intermediary.
So, when established manufacturers by-pass Amazon (which is an intermediary between buyers and sellers) by adding online services to their existing offerings, they have done a re-intermediation.