Question

What are 4 ways mutations affect protein structure.

Answer 1

Mutations can affect protein structure in several ways, including missense, frameshift, substitution, and nonsense mutations.

Step-by-step explanation:

Mutations can affect protein structure in several ways. Here are four examples:

1. A missense mutation can result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, which can change its structure and function.
2. A frameshift mutation caused by an insertion or deletion can shift the reading frame of the gene, leading to a completely different amino acid sequence and a non-functional protein.
3. A substitution mutation can cause multiple amino acid changes, resulting in a new protein with different characteristics.
4. A nonsense mutation can convert a codon encoding an amino acid into a stop codon, leading to the synthesis of a shorter protein that is typically non-functional.

Answer 2

Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly.

Step-by-step explanation:

Germline mutations occur in gametes. Somatic mutations occur in other body cells.

Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure.

Point mutations change a single nucleotide.

Frameshift mutations are additions or deletions of nucleotides that cause a shift in the reading frame.

I hope this helps. :).