Answer:
1. Amino acid
2. Catalyst
3. DNA
4. Enzymes
5. Nucleic acid
6. Protein
7. RNA
8. Substrate
Step-by-step explanation:
1. AMINO ACIDS are the basic building block of proteins; they contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH 2) in their structure.
2. A CATALYST is any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
3. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule containing the genetic code. It carries all the genetic information of living organisms.
4. AN ENZYME is a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems. It is referred to as a biological catalyst because it speeds up a chemical reaction in living systems.
5. NUCLEIC ACID is a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases. A nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) is a polymer of nucleotides, which are composed of the three molecules mentioned above. A sequence of nucleotides forms a NUCLEIC ACID.
6. PROTEIN is a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The amino acid building blocks are linked together in a condensation reaction and catalyzed by Peptidyl transferase enzyme.
7. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of nucleic acid that participates in the synthesis of proteins. RNA is of three types viz: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. They all play a role in the process of protein synthesis.
8. A SUBSTRATE is a compound that is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction. The substrate usually forms part of the reactant that yields the product.