Final answer:
The colored shapes on the surface of the red blood cells represent different types of proteins or antigens that determine blood type and play a role in immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
B. The colored shapes on the surface of the red blood cells represent different types of proteins or antigens. These proteins determine the blood type of an individual and play a role in the compatibility of blood transfusions. For example, the presence of A antigens indicates blood type A, B antigens indicate blood type B, AB antigens indicate blood type AB, and the absence of antigens indicates blood type O.
The function of these proteins is to help identify foreign substances in the body and trigger an immune response if necessary. They are also involved in cell recognition and adhesion processes.