The correct answer is D. The Mediterranean Region.
Explanation.
According to what is described in the fragment of the question and the map, the purple areas correspond to the territory of the Roman Republic and the green areas correspond to the territory of the Roman Empire. As described in the fragment, the Mediterranean region that includes areas such as the north coast of Africa, much of Europe including countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Portugal, and other countries in Europe to the north of Greece is the region in which both the republic and the empire had territorial dominion as these zones are colored with both green and purple. So, the correct answer is D. Mediterranean Region.