Final answer:
Language acquisition theories include Chomsky's Nativist Approach, which assumes biological predisposition for language, and Skinner's Behaviorist model, which relies on reinforcement learning. Krashen's second language acquisition theory highlights the difference between natural acquisition and formal learning, with an emphasis on comprehensible input for progression. Culture plays an integral role in how language is learned and used within sociocultural groups and communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing language acquisition theories, we primarily look at Noam Chomsky's Nativist Approach versus B.F. Skinner's Behaviorist model. Chomsky posited that language development is biologically predetermined with the presence of a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), suggesting a natural and intrinsic ability for language learning. Skinner argued for reinforcement-based learning where language is acquired through environmental feedback and association.
In terms of second language acquisition, Stephen Krashen's theory is a vital reference in this area. Krashen differentiates between language 'acquisition' and 'learning,' with acquisition occurring via natural communicative interactions and learning being a more formal, instructional process. A fundamental element of his theory is the 'input hypothesis,' which asserts that learners progress in their language abilities when they comprehend language input that is slightly beyond their current level of competence.
The role of culture in language acquisition cannot be overlooked. Speech communities and sociocultural groups shape language use through cultural norms and code-switching, illustrating the adaptive nature of language as related to identity and social interactions.