Question

Josh needs to achieve 4.0 grade point average to qualify for admission to graduate school. He fears that he will not pass the final exam chemistry and has decided to sit next to Heather, the best student in the class, and copy her paper. According to Merton's theory and typologies, Josh would be considered a(n) ________.

Answer 1

Innovator

Step-by-step explanation:

There are two Merton types of typology and the are:

1. A person will try to achieve their goals based on their cultural commitment
2. A person will try to achieve their goal based on their own belief

Based on these criteria there are five varieties

1. Conformity
2. Innovation
3. Ritualism
4. Retreatism
5. Rebellion

By definition Innovation is the acceptance of the requirements of a culture but not being willing to do the cultural or traditional things to get there.

Here, Josh knows that he must pass his test to improve his score to get into grad school. But he is not willing to do it the fair and proper way. He wants to conform to society but he does not want to do it they way that society asks.

Answer 2

innovator

Step-by-step explanation:

Robert Merton was the first to propose Strain Theory. it was done by him in the 1940s to account for or describe the rates of increasing crime all over USA at that time. since then, it has become very popular among Contemporary sociologists.

Merton did formulate typology of deviance based upon a person’s motivations and a person’s belief on how his/her goals are attained. Merton proposed five types of deviance based upon the criteria. they are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion.

innovation according to Merton is the process whereby an individual acceptance the goals of a culture but then reject the traditional and right way of attaining the said goal it is also a form of using socially illegal, unaproved or unconventional means to attain goals. e.g dealing drugs