To find the value of x, you need to isolate/get the variable "x" by itself in the equation:
3x - 2 = 16 Add 2 on both sides
3x - 2 + 2 = 16 + 2
3x = 18 Divide 3 on both sides to get "x" by itself
x = 6
PROOF
3x - 2 = 16 Substitute/plug in 6 into "x" since x = 6
3(6) - 2 = 16
18 - 2 = 16
16 = 16