Answer: b. Cross Model of Black Racial Identity
Explanation: The Cross model of Black Racial Identity developed by William Cross, focuses on the process by which African Americans come to understand their identity. The model created a vital foundation for racial/ethnic identity psychology and has proved a framework for both individual and collective social change; and as it is not enough to know the racial identity of a person, counselors must also determine how much that individual identifies with their biological culture. The model has thus been applied to counseling settings with cross-racial dyads of clients and counselors, client racial preferences for counselors, and supervisor-supervisee cross-racial pairings; and has been used in exploring how racial identity can change over the life span of individuals.