Answer:
altruism .
Explanation:.
John Augustus is also known as the "Father of Probation." He advocated and believed that probation would help decline in the rate of crime among criminals. When he first reformed a minor which grew into what became the modern practice of probation, he drew his motivation from the concept of altruism.
John's altruistic practice of reforming a criminal included helping them pay for their court expenses, fines, getting them jobs, placing them in schools, providing correctional and sober facilities, etc.
All these practices proved successful in helping criminals of petty crimes to realize their mistakes more than putting them behind bars.