Answer:
$185,000
Step-by-step explanation:
Pierce Company incurred $150,000 of research and development costs in its laboratory to develop a new product.
It spent $20,000 in legal fees for a patent granted on January 2, 2017.
On July 31, 2017, Pierce paid $15,000 for legal fees in a successful defense of the patent.
Therefore the total amount that should be debited to Patents through July 31, 2017 is $185,000 which is the total of the research and development costs and the legal fees to date. (150,000 + 20,000 + 15000)
In accounting, legal fees on patents are NOT expensed. They are capitalized to increase the value and lifespan of the patents because it boosts the value of those patents by causing competitors to refrain from using them.
Hence the legal costs are debited to the patents accounts as well.