Answer:
At-will employment
Step-by-step explanation:
In most countries, when an employee is fired without cause, the employer generally must pay some type of indemnification to the employee. The right to labor indemnity is very common in many countries, e.g. All of Europe, Latin America, some Canadian provinces, and Australia + NZ. I really do not know if non western countries offer it.
What makes America different is that at-will employment is legal, meaning that an employer can fire an employee at will without any just cause, as long as it is not an illegal termination, e.g. gender based discrimination.
In many countries, employers purchase indemnity insurance to prevent any types of problems that may arise when firing someone. The lack of indemnity provides greater flexibility to American businesses, but at the same time is not exactly beneficial for the employee. But since it works, why fix it.