Answer:
There is no short answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Underdamped motion can be described as the type of motion where if the system is affected by a force, the oscillations of the movement slowly decreases until it reaches to an equilibrium. An example the underdamped motion can be a door that automatically closes with the help of a spring. If underdamped, the door swings back and forth until it stops.
Critically damped motion can be described as where the system does not oscillate and returns to its equilibrium as quickly as possible. Going with the door example, if the system is critically damped, the door closes as soon as it is released and does not move anymore.
Overdamped motion can be described as where the system again does not oscillate and returns to its equilibrium point but does so more slowly than the critically damped system. This time the door closes without swinging but its motion is much slower compared to the previous example.
Resonance can be described as a force or a wave of any kind overlapping with another with the same frequency and therefore amplifies the original amplitude of the force or wave. An example to this concept can be a swing, when pushed at the same frequency, its motion becomes bigger.