Question

Aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCI) will react with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce and liquid water (H2O). Suppose 1.1 grams of hydrochloric acid is mixed with 0.420 grams of sodium hydroxide. Calculate the maximum mass of sodium chloride that could be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to 3 significant digits

Answer 1

The maximum mass of NaCl is 0.54 g.

Step-by-step explanation:

The reaction can be represented with the following equation:

HCl + NaOH ----> NaCl + H2O

According to the equation, equal amounts of chemical agents and resultant products (in moles) participate in this reaction.

The amount of hydrochloric acid is as follows:

`v_(HCl) = (m_(HCl) )/(M_(HCl) )`
`= (m_(HCl) )/(A_(H) + A_(Cl) )`

= 1.1 / (1 + 35.46)

`v_(HCl)` = 0.030 moles.

where m is the mass,

A is the atomic mass of an element.

The amount of sodium hydroxide is as follows:

`v_(NaOH) = (m_(NaOH) )/(M_(NaOH) ) = (m_(NaOH) )/(A_(Na) + A_(O) + A_(H) )`

= 0.420 / (23 + 16 + 1)

= 0.0105 moles.

Since the amount of sodium hydroxide exceeds the amount of hydrochloric acid, the maximum amount of each substance participating in the reaction is v =
`v_(HCl)` = 0.030 moles.

Therefore, the maximum amount of water that can be produced is as follows:

`m_(H2O) = M_(H2O) * v_(H2O) = (2A_(H) + A_(O) ) * v`

= (2
`*` 1 + 16)
`*` 0.030 = 0.54 g.

The maximum mass of NaCl is 0.54 g.