The total number of balls = 10 + 8 + 2 = 20 balls
probability of black balls = 10/20 = 50%
probability of red balls = 8/20 = 40%
probability of white balls = 2/20 = 10%
the three probabilities:
probability that the ball is one of the three colors = (10/20) + (8/20) + (2/20)
= 1 = 100%