Question

Jerry was found on the floor nearly unconscious. 911 was called and he was rushed to thehospital emergency department. Blood tests revealed Jerry had hyperkalemia (higher than normal bloodpotassium ion concentration). An electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed that Jerry’s heart was not functioningnormally and he had a lower than normal heart rate.During the hyperkalemia, were Jerry’s cells closer to or further from threshold compared to a normalperson (or compared to Jerry’s cells before the hyperkalemia)?A. closer toB. further fromThis may be tough!! Severe hyperkalemia can cause a lack of excitability of cells and can decrease the ability of the cell to produce action potentials. A. True B. FalseNow you are asked by your superior about causes of hyperkalemia. You now desperately want to look smart. You correctly tell your superior that hyperkalemia can be caused by A. Addison’s disease (with below normal aldosterone secretion) B. Hyperaldosteronism or Conn’s syndrome (with above normal aldosterone

Answer 1

A) Closer to, A) True, A) addisons disease with below normal aldosterone secretion.

Step-by-step explanation:

A) Hyperkalemia causes the increase in extracellular potassium that results in decreasing the resting membrane potential. Decreased resting membrane potential ultimately led to decreased threshold potential.

A) Hyperkalemia caused the increase in equilibrium potential of potassium, which resulted in depolarization of memrane potential. Since there was a concentration change of potassium, the depolarization will be slow and it will not cause any action potential. Rather it causes accomodation. Sodium channels are closed and potassium channels will be open by depolarization at specific level of potassium and thus cell will become refractory (unresponssive to stimuli).

A) Any threat to adrenal gland causes the defeciency of aldosterone. The defeciency of aldosterone causes the body to excrete large amount of sadium and retain potassium, which will ultimately lead to high levels of potassium in blood.

Hopefull, it will help you!!!

Answer 2

Hi

First question: Hyperkalemia is caused by the displacement of potassium outside the cells or by problems of renal excretion of potassium. The latter can be caused by a reduction in the contribution of sodium to the distal nephron, causing a decrease in the activity of mineralocorticoids or alterations of the cortical collecting tubule.

Second question: True, since various factors can exacerbate hyperkalemia; This may result from the increase in total body potassium due to an alteration between intake and excretion or by a poor distribution between the intracellular and extracellular space.

Third question: Addison's disease can cause hyperkalemia and that is due to the combined effects of aldosterone deficiency, reduced glomerular filtration rate and acidosis.

Step-by-step explanation: