Final answer:
The Enlightenment emphasized rationalism, empirical evidence, and the separation of powers within government, as well as religious tolerance. It introduced new ideas on government structure and the role of religion in state affairs, influencing the founding legal frameworks of modern democracies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Enlightenment was a significant intellectual movement in 18th-century Europe, which emphasized rationalism, empirical evidence, and skepticism of religious and royal authority. It introduced new ideas about government structure and the role of religion in state affairs. Two ideas associated with the Enlightenment that are presented in the question are B. separation of government powers and D. religious tolerance.
The concept of separation of government powers was put forth by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and later by Montesquieu, who proposed dividing government authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent despotism. This revolutionary idea influenced the founding frameworks of democracies around the world, including the United States Constitution.
Religious tolerance is another Enlightenment idea, endorsed by philosophers such as Voltaire and Locke, who asserted that individual conscience should be free from governmental imposition, paving the way for freedom of religion and the separation of church and state, as seen in the American Constitution and many other progressive nations' laws.