Question

Viruses are directly involved in which of the following processes in bacteria? A. Transformation B. Conjugation C. Transduction D. Binary fission

Answer 1

Viruses are directly involved in the process of transduction in bacteria, where bacteriophages inject DNA into bacterial cells, resulting in the exchange of genetic material. Transformation involves bacteria taking up DNA from the environment, while conjugation involves the transfer of DNA between bacteria through a mating bridge called a sex pilus.

Step-by-step explanation:

In bacteria, viruses are directly involved in the process of transduction. In this process, bacteriophages inject DNA into bacterial cells, which can include DNA fragments from different bacteria. These DNA fragments can be incorporated into the host genome, resulting in genetic recombination and the exchange of genetic material between bacteria.

On the other hand, transformation is a process in which bacteria take up DNA directly from the environment, and conjugation involves the transferring of DNA from one bacterium to another through a mating bridge called a sex pilus.

Answer 2

C. Transduction

Step-by-step explanation:

Transduction is a process of horizontal gene transfer between the prokaryotic cells in which genes are transferred from one mature, independent organism to another by viruses. For example, a phage infects a bacterial cell and the DNA and proteins of the phage are synthesized in the bacteria. During the assembly of phage particles in the host cell, a piece of the host cell chromosome is accidentally packed along with the genome of the phage. When this phage carrying a piece of bacterial DNA infects some other bacterial cell, it injects the DNA into the new host cell resulting in transduction.