Question

If a sample of 47 golfers is taken from a population of 183 golfers, the

sample mean, X, is the mean of how many golfers' scores?

Answer 1

You just said there are 47 golfers in the sample. So anything you learn from those 47 represents a sample of 47.

It may or may not closely represent any characteristics of the whole 183. There's really no way to tell. Your sample is 47, and that's what you're analyzing.