Final answer:
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for negotiating the Camp David Accords, resulting in Israel's withdrawal from Sinai and Egypt's recognition of Israel, fostering peace between the two nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin's Nobel Peace Prize in 1978
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for their significant contributions to the Camp David Accords. This historic agreement was brokered by then U.S. President Jimmy Carter at the presidential retreat in Maryland. As a result of their negotiations, Israel agreed to withdraw completely from the Sinai Peninsula, and Egypt became the first Arabic nation to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Jewish state. Both nations also agreed to establish regular diplomatic relations and to continue efforts towards a lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
These peace efforts followed a period of significant conflict between Egypt and Israel, including the clashes that occurred on Yom Kippur in 1973. Sadat's goal to regain control over the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, as well as to put a decisive end to the conflict with Israel, led to the eventual peace treaty signed at Camp David. Begin's willingness to return the Sinai to Egypt was pivotal to the agreement. Their efforts earned them the Nobel Peace Prize as recognition of their leadership and commitment to peace in a region marred by decades of conflict.