Question

Describe the philosophies (the nine "isms") which influenced the following schools of psychology and the nature of that influence: Voluntarism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and gestalt psychology

Answer 1

Voluntarism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and gestalt psychology were influenced by various philosophies.

Step-by-step explanation:

Voluntarism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism , and gestalt psychology are all different schools of thought in the field of psychology that were influenced by various philosophies.

Voluntarism:

Voluntarism was influenced by the philosophy of introspection, which focused on examining and analyzing one's own conscious thoughts and experiences.

Structuralism:

Structuralism was heavily influenced by the philosophy of empiricism, which emphasized the importance of sensory experience and observation in acquiring knowledge.

Functionalism:

Functionalism was influenced by the philosophy of pragmatism, which focused on the practical consequences of ideas and actions.

Behaviorism:

Behaviorism was influenced by the philosophy of positivism, which emphasized the importance of empirical evidence and observable behavior in understanding human psychology.

Gestalt psychology:

Gestalt psychology was influenced by the philosophy of holism, which emphasized the importance of studying the whole rather than focusing on individual parts.

Answer 2

All the philosophy are given below.

Step-by-step explanation:

Voluntarism is the theory or philosophy that God or the ultimate nature of reality is to be conceived as some form of will. Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Structuralism is the intellectual movement that associated with the Western conversation of Levi-Strauss, Marx, and Althusser.

Functionalism is a theory or philosophy that is based on the premise that all aspects of a society institutions, roles, norms, etc which serve a purpose for the long-term survival of the society.

Gestalt psychology is a philosophy or school of thought that looks at both the human mind and behavior.