Answer:
AlCl₃.
Explanation:
Adding solute to water causes depression of the boiling point.
The depression in freezing point (ΔTf) can be calculated using the relation:
ΔTf = i.Kf.m,
where, ΔTf is the depression in freezing point.
i is the van 't Hoff factor.
van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.
Kf is the molal depression constant of water.
m is the molality of the solution (m = 1.0 m, for all solutions).
(1) NaCl:
i for NaCl = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 2/1 = 2.
∴ ΔTb for (NaCl) = i.Kb.m = (2)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 2(Kf).
(2) MgCl₂:
i for MgCl₂ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 3/1 = 3.
∴ ΔTb for (MgCl₂) = i.Kb.m = (3)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 3(Kf).
(3) NaCl:
i for KBr = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 2/1 = 2.
∴ ΔTb for (KBr) = i.Kb.m = (2)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 2(Kf).
(4) AlCl₃:
i for AlCl₃ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 4/1 = 4.
∴ ΔTb for (CoCl₃) = i.Kb.m = (4)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 4(Kf).
So, the ionic compound will lower the freezing point the most is: AlCl₃