Final answer:
Athens was called the 'school of Greece' by Pericles due to its dominance in education, democratic principles, and cultural achievements during its Golden Age. Influential centers like Plato's Academy and the government's promotion of inclusivity in civic life contributed to this title.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pericles referred to Athens as the "school of Greece" to highlight its preeminent role in culture, education, and democracy during its Golden Age. Under Pericles' leadership, Athens became a vibrant city-state with flourishing arts, and philosophy, and the birthplace of democracy. The city was adorned with architectural wonders like the Acropolis and the Parthenon, funded by the wealth accumulated through the Athenian Empire and the Delian League. The presence of renowned educational institutions such as Plato's Academy, where philosophers from across the Greek world came to study, discuss, and debate, further cemented Athens' reputation as a center of learning and intellectual activity.
Athens' influence was amplified through its democratic political system, which aimed to serve the many and provided equal opportunities for public office regardless of wealth. This inclusivity and emphasis on civic participation were integral parts of what made Athens a model for future civilizations. Additionally, the sophists and their teachings on rhetoric contributed to the intellectual vitality of Athenian society.