Final answer:
Data Science and Big Data encompass the handling and analysis of large volumes of complex data. Big Data involves challenges such as managing the 15 terabytes of data from the Sloan Survey, while Data Science employs techniques to interpret this data. Citizen science has proven beneficial for certain tasks, yet it's not true that computers always fail at image recognition, as modern algorithms have greatly improved in this area.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Data Science and Big Data
When we discuss Data Science and Big Data, it is important to recognize their roles and impacts on modern research and industry. Big Data refers to the large volume of data that organizations are tasked with processing; this data is accumulated from various sources and can take on complex forms. Data Science is the interdisciplinary field that encompasses the use of statistical methods, algorithms, and technology to analyze and interpret complex data. One such challenge within Big Data is the processing and analysis of vast amounts of information, like the 15 terabytes of data collected by the Sloan Survey. Scientists have to use advanced computer algorithms and supercomputers to efficiently work with such large datasets. Another interesting aspect is the utilization of citizen science projects like Galaxy Zoo, which demonstrated that crowd-sourcing can be an effective approach for tasks, such as galaxy classification, where the human eye excels over computers.
However, not everything associated with these concepts is an inherent truth. For instance, it is not true that computers always fail at recognizing subtle differences among shapes—modern machine learning algorithms have made significant strides in image recognition. Moreover, while larger sample sizes are generally more advantageous in scientific research, there can be exceptions based on the context of the study. These qualifiers are important to keep in mind when making assertions about the absolute capabilities of technology and research methods in this domain.