Final answer:
Dragonfly populations can decline due to climate change disrupting life cycle synchrony, pollution directly affecting larvae, and human activities like habitat destruction and use of pesticides. These factors can lead to shortages in food and suitable habitats, affecting dragonfly survival.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dragonfly population may be adversely affected by several factors. One of these is climate change, which can disrupt the synchrony between the life cycle of dragonflies and the availability of their plant hosts or prey species. For example, if the timing of flowering plants or the viability of amphibian offspring is affected due to a mismatch in timing caused by climate change, dragonflies may struggle to find food or suitable habitats for their larvae.
Pollution is another significant issue impacting dragonflies. Contaminants in the water can directly harm dragonfly larvae, which live in aquatic environments before metamorphosing into adults. The notorious pesticide DDT, which has been banned but had historically caused declines in various insect populations by disrupting their life cycles, serves as a historical example of pollution's effect on insect populations.
Human activities such as habitat destruction, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and population growth also put pressure on dragonfly populations. This is because these activities can eliminate the natural habitats dragonflies rely on and introduce substances that are harmful to both adults and larvae.