At the beginning of the century, U.S. citizens and immigrants to the country traveled primarily by horseback or on the rivers. ... After a while, crude roads were built and then canals. Before long the railroads crisscrossed the country moving people and goods with greater efficiency.
In America during the 19th century, the invention of the steam engine dramatically improved shipping by water and created a new transportation industry—the railroad. By the end of the century, some steam locomotives began to be powered by electricity.
Soon, both railroads and canals crisscrossed the states, providing a transportation infrastructure that fueled the growth of American commerce. Indeed, the transportation revolution led to development in the coal, iron, and steel industries, providing many Americans with new job opportunities.