Question

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Discuss how the use of pedometers benefited people at high risk for type 2 diabetes

Introduction


A pedometer helps adults exercise more but sedentary adults need instruction and advice to be motivated to use one We conducted this qualitative study to describe the experiences of participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes who began using a pedometer


Methods


A total of 74 people at high risk of type 2 diabetes participated in 6 months of group counseling From April 2007 to April 2008 we collected data through questionnaires theme interviews n 22 and video recordings of counseling sessions From October 2007 through June 2008 we analyzed the data


Results


Pedometers were useful tools for observing levels of exercise setting personal goals for walking and helping evaluate whether daily goals were met Negative experiences were associated with functional failures pedometers unsuitability for exercise other than walking and the goal of 10000 steps which some participants considered too high


Conclusions


Sedentary adults can be motivated to use a pedometer if we inform them that regular users find it a useful instrument for increasing their level of exercise These adults should set realistic goals for walking and receive adequate instructions for using pedometersn MSocSc Sirkka Keinänen Kiukaanniemi Anja M Taanila Jaana H Laitinen PhD MSc


Introduction

Pedometers monitor the number of steps taken in a day The use of a pedometer has been shown to increase physical activity among sedentary populations Walking is an excellent way for most inactive people to begin regular exercise The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study demonstrated that people at high risk of type 2 diabetes who walked 25 hours or more per week were 63 to 69 less likely to develop diabetes than were those who walked less than 1 hour per week Regular exercise can prevent type 2 diabetes


Although using a pedometer seems to motivate people to exercise more we do not know how to motivate people to use one Knowledge of the experiences of inactive adults who have used a pedometer increases the effectiveness of counseling but few previous studies on this issue exist We describe the experiences of a group of sedentary adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes who began using a pedometer in particular the factors that encouraged or discouraged regular exercise


Discussion

This study describes the experiences of inactive participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes who used a pedometer during a 6month group counseling process to promote lifestyle changes Participants saw the pedometer as a source of feedback on their exercise It provided immediate feedback on the amount of exercise in steps aerobic steps 60 steps minute kilometers walking time and calories By monitoring their walking the participants noted improvements in their physical capacity which in turn motivated them to exercise more Some participants particularly monitored the steps taken during a workday and many were surprised by the low number of steps recorded


Using the pedometer made it easier to set personal exercise goals These goals included increasing the amount of exercise exercising regularly and exercising daily Some participants tried to increase the number of steps taken per day whereas others pursued the goal of a minimum of 10000 steps daily Using the pedometer helped people exercise more regularly More active participants were motivated to further increase their exercise Participants found that achieving a certain number of steps made them want to increase their goal The pedometer motivated sedentary people to exercise more


The pedometer was not appropriate for all Some were disappointed because of technical problems Moreover the 10000step recommendation for daily exercise was considered too difficult to achieve In these cases the pedometer did not increase motivation to exercise Several arguments can motivate inactive adults to use a pedometer First using the pedometer helps people monitor their own level of exercise easily set goals and track their progress Second to avoid negative experiences users could be taught to use the pedometer correctly Third a proportional increase in the number of steps as a personal daily goal should be discussed to avoid the disappointment of not reaching the difficult target of 10000 steps


Good instructions for using the pedometer are essential because functional errors were a barrier to its use The effects of the pedometers functional errors on the physical activity of users were previously uncertain Only a few negative experiences with using a pedometer arose during group sessions and theme interviews although less than half of the participants 46 used the pedometer regularly at the end of the process Others may not have been encouraged to highlight negative experiences may have had a neutral attitude or may not have used a pedometer at all and thus had no negative experiences to report.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

The pedometer was not appropriate for all Some were disappointed because of technical problems Moreover the 10000step recommendation for daily exercise was considered too difficult to achieve In these cases the pedometer did not increase motivation to exercise Several arguments can motivate inactive adults to use a pedometer First using the pedometer helps people monitor their own level of exercise easily set goals and track their progress Second to avoid negative experiences users could be taught to use the pedometer correctly Third a proportional increase in the number of steps as a personal daily goal should be discussed to avoid the disappointment of not reaching the difficult target of 10000 steps. Making it bad for those with diabetes because if they are obese that is too many steps for them and obese individuals may contribute to altered kinematics and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury/pathology

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