Question

Nuclear pores regulate the passage of substances into and out of the nucleus. Antibodies such as mab414 have been used to inhibit the movement of substances through the nuclear pores of rat liver cells. Scientists cultured rat liver cells (eukaryotic) and bacteria cells (prokaryotic) in separate dishes with radioactively labeled amino acids. A specific gene in both cell types was engineered to synthesize identical polypeptide chains, and translation of this gene was measured. The procedure was repeated with mab414 (the inhibitor) added to each of the two cell cultures, and translation was monitored again.

Answer 1

Nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope control the passage of molecules, with receptor proteins and specific signals facilitating transport. Experiments with mab414 show its inhibitory effects on this process, crucial in protein synthesis and maintaining genetic material.

Step-by-step explanation:

The passage of molecules through the nuclear envelope is regulated by nuclear pores. The transport involves specific signals that interact with receptor proteins, allowing materials to move into and out of the nucleus, facilitating processes such as the synthesis of proteins and RNA splicing. In experiments described, the addition of antibodies such as mab414 can inhibit the movement through nuclear pores, affecting the translation of engineered genes in both eukaryotic rat liver cells and prokaryotic bacterial cells. When these cells are incubated with radioactively labeled amino acids, scientists can monitor the synthesis of polypeptide chains and observe the effects of the nuclear pore inhibition. Thus, nuclear protein traffic is essential for cellular function and maintaining the genetic material inside the nucleus.