We can find how many small cubes (of edge of 2 in) fit in the cubical box of dimensions 4 in x 2 in x 8 in by dividing the volume of the box by the volume of the small cube:

We can check this result by looking at the dimensions of the box.
On the base length of 4 in will fit two cubes and on the base width of 2 in will fit one cube.
Then, for each 2 inches of height we can fit 2 cubes.
As we have 8 inches, we can fit 8/2*2 = 8 cubes.
Answer: 8 cubes.