The first expression is
To solve this, first, we multiple the signs to eliminate the parenthesis, remember that negative times negative equals positive.
Now, we sum negative numbers between each other, and positive numbers between each other.
At last, we subtract.
Remember that subtraction is made when we have two numbers with different signs, and the result must have the same signs as the highest number, in this case, positive.
For a, the expression is
As we said before, number with different signs must subtract, so
Notice that the result is negative because the greatest number was also negative (-45).