A) 3 teachers for 45 students
To calculate the reduced ratio, we will have to calculate the number of students to one teacher

By cross multiplying, we will have

Hence,
The reduced ratio is = 1 : 15
The reduced rate is = 1 teacher to 15 students
B) 6 apples for 2 pies
To calculate the reduced ratio, we will have to calculate the number of apples to one pie

By cross multiplying, we will have

Hence,
The reduced ratio is = 3 : 1
The reduced rate is = 3 apples to 1 pie