Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Active Transport- uses ATP to pump molecules AGAINST/UP the concentration gradient. Transport occurs from a low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute. Requires cellular energy.
Passive Transport- Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes from high to low concentration, in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. Does not require cellular energy.
Active and passive transport are biological processes that move oxygen, water and nutrients into cells and remove waste products. Active transport requires chemical energy because it is the movement of biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. On the other hand, passive transport moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration; so it does not require energy.
There are two types of active transport: primary and secondary. In primary active transport, specialized trans-membrane proteins recognize the presence of a substance that needs to be transported and serve as pumps, powered by the chemical energy ATP, to carry the desired biochemicals across. In secondary active transport, pore-forming proteins form channels in the cell membrane and force the biochemicals across using an electromagnetic gradient. Often, this energy is gained by simultaneously moving another substance down the concentration gradient.