Final answer:
The Buddha's hand gestures or 'mudras' are symbolic, with various mudras representing meditation, wisdom, charity, compassion, or the Buddha's teachings. The specific symbolism of each mudra depends on its form and context, reflecting varied aspects of Buddhist art and spiritual teaching.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Buddha's hand gestures, known as mudras, symbolize various aspects of the Buddha's teachings and qualities. In particular, the mudra of the statue from China created around 1500 can represent different meanings such as meditation, wisdom, charity and compassion, or the teachings of Buddha. Each mudra has its own specific symbolism – for example, a meditating Buddha with a specific gesture usually indicates a meditative state and the quest for inner peace, while other gestures might symbolize wisdom or teachings, often characterized by hand positions that suggest teaching or discussion. Hand gestures that imply charity and compassion might be open or with the palm facing outward, indicating the offering of alms or fearlessness.
Different statues from various times and traditions may depict these gestures in varying forms. For instance, the statue of Tongil Daebul has hands positioned to symbolize the "enlightened one", which may incorporate aspects of wisdom and teachings. The intricate art and iconography of these statues reveal the rich cultural and religious history of Buddhism across Asia, its spread along trade routes such as the Silk Road, and the commitment of individuals and rulers to Buddhism, reflected in the construction of monumental Buddhist art and architecture.