Question

(7th grade chemistry) What makes a polyester, nylon and acrylic a synthetic materials/ products, in other words what happen during polyester, nylon and acrylic chemical reaction?(or what happen during a chemical reaction)

Answer 1

Polyester, nylon, and acrylic are synthetic materials formed through chemical reactions. Polyester is formed by combining a dicarboxylic acid with a diol, while nylon is formed by combining a diamine with a dicarboxylic acid. Acrylic is made by polymerizing polyacrylonitrile through a free radical reaction.

Step-by-step explanation:

Polyester:

Polyester is a synthetic material made through a condensation polymerization reaction. In this reaction, two different components, a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, combine to form a repeating unit. The reaction involves the formation of ester bonds (C-O) between the carboxylic acid and the hydroxyl groups of the diol. This reaction occurs with the loss of a small byproduct, usually water.

Nylon:

Nylon is also a synthetic material formed through a condensation polymerization reaction. It is made by combining a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, which react to form amide bonds (C-N) and water. The resulting polymer is a polyamide, known as nylon, which has a repeating unit structure.

Acrylic:

Acrylic is another synthetic material made from a polymer called polyacrylonitrile. It is created through a free radical polymerization reaction, where the monomer unit reacts to form a long chain polymer. Acrylic fibers are known for their warmth and strength, and they are used in various applications such as sweaters, tracksuits, and furnishing fabrics.

Answer 2

Step-by-step explanation:

What you call polyester is technically polyethylene terephthalate or PET plastic molded into filaments that are then woven into fabric. It's made in a chemical reaction between ethylene glycol and therephthalic acid, and these chemicals are derived from fossil fuels, air, and water.

Nylons are condensation polymers or copolymers, formed by reacting difunctional monomers containing equal parts of amine and carboxylic acid, so that amides are formed at both ends of each monomer in a process analogous to polypeptide biopolymers. Most nylons are made from the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine or a lactam or amino acid with itself

The binder resin in acrylic paint is man-made, most of the time in some sort of lab. It is made generally from the monomer methyl methacrylate and also any real common catalyst. The catalyst speeds up the reaction to where the monomers create extremely long chains. Which result in polymethyl methacrylate, an acrylic plastic polymer.

The pigments are also mostly made in labs/factories. Most of the time they are either pure elements like pure cobalt powder and carbon charcoal, or they basic bounded compounds like cadmium sulfide. To make cadmium sulfide you react cadmium chloride with hydrogen sulfide to make a bright yellow solid. It is then washed and heated to make a spectrum of different colors.

Basically all of acrylic paints are man-made through various chemical reactions.