Answer: exploitation
Explanation: points you can write about :
unfair trade - cash crops. poorer countries trade raw materials, it gets manufactured and sold back at a higher price
former colonies
Frank's dependency theory, the core exploits the periphery
you could also argue that the statement isn't true, geographical location can impact development. e.g. mountains and being landlocked makes it hard to trade.
climate can impact crops, regular extreme weather events make it hard to develop.
hope this helped!