Answer:
heuristic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of both the consciousness and unconsciousness of the human mind such as feelings, emotions and thoughts, so as to understand how it functions and affect human behaviors in contextual terms.
This ultimately implies that, psychology focuses on studying behaviors and the mind that controls it.
A heuristic is an automatic mental shortcut or rule of thumb that avail people the opportunity to make quick and efficient judgement in decision-making process, as well as proffering solutions to a problem. Thus, it allows people to make decisions, pass probability judgement or proffer solutions to problem quickly and efficiently while applying minimal mental effort.
Basically, a heuristic helps an individual to shorten the decision-making time while paying less attention on thinking of his or her next course of action.
Hence, when you're advised to try working backward from the desired goal to the starting point or current state. This advice describes a heuristic.