China's domestic policies have experienced significant changes in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, particularly as the country transitioned from a state-planned economy to a market-oriented one. During this time, the country implemented a series of economic reforms aimed at increasing efficiency and attracting foreign investment, resulting in significant growth and development.
Some of the changes in China's domestic policies include:
1. Economic liberalization: China liberalized its economy in the late 1970s, allowing for the growth of private sectors, foreign investment, and the adoption of market-oriented policies.
2. Rural-to-urban migration: China has experienced massive internal migration as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work and better opportunities. The country has invested heavily in infrastructure and economic development to support this migration.
3. Technological advancement: China has made significant investments in technology to support its economic growth and development. This has led to advancements in fields such as space exploration, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy.
4. Environmental regulation: China has implemented stronger environmental regulations in recent years to address the country's major environmental challenges, such as air pollution and water pollution.
However, many of China's policies from the state-planned era remain in place, including control over the media, a one-party political system, and limitations on personal freedoms. China has been criticized by human rights groups for continuing to repress political dissent, suppressing free expression and freedom of association, and engaging in surveillance of citizens. In addition, the country continues to face a range of other challenges, including income inequality, food and water security, and a growing aging population.