Final answer:
Population size and density are measured through direct or indirect methods, while population distribution patterns can be categorized into uniform, random, or clumped. Mortality rates are determined using life tables, and three types of survivorship curves (Type I, II, and III) illustrate different survival rates across various populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Population Demography
Ecologists measure population size and density by taking direct or indirect population counts or measurements. Direct measurements imply physically counting individuals, whilst indirect can imply measuring evidence of the organism. Patterns of population distribution can be uniform, random, or clumped. Uniform distribution shows equal spacing, random means random positions, and clumped shows populations grouped in patches.
Life tables are utilized to calculate mortality rates. They show the rates of death and survival for a population's individuals according to age, and are invaluable for studying population demographics and dynamics. Survivorship curves are graphs revealing the number of individuals from a population surviving to particular ages. Type I curves represent low early-age mortality, Type II constant mortality, and Type III high early-age mortality.
Learn more about Population Demography