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What is it called when direct heat browns the food, thereby releasing volatile chemicals, and breaking down the natural or processed sugar within food structure

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Answer:

The process you are describing is called caramelization. Caramelization occurs when direct heat is applied to food, causing the natural or added sugars within the food to break down and turn brown. This process imparts a characteristic sweet and nutty flavor to the food and is often used in cooking to enhance the taste and appearance of various dishes, such as caramelized onions or roasted vegetables.

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